Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

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Which organelle detoxifies harmful substances?

  1. Golgi apparatus

  2. Lysosomes

  3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

  4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The correct answer is: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle responsible for detoxifying harmful substances within the cell. It plays a key role in lipid synthesis, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification processes, especially in liver cells where it helps to process drugs and poisons. This ability allows cells to break down or modify these toxins into less harmful substances, which may be more easily excreted from the body. The other organelles mentioned have distinct functions. The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Lysosomes contain enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris but are not specifically designed for detoxification. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and has ribosomes attached to it for that purpose, rather than detoxification. Thus, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is uniquely suited for the detoxification role mentioned in the question.

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