Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

1. Modifying and storing proteins

2. Detoxifying harmful substances

3. Breaking down large molecules

4. Providing an additional layer of protection

The correct answer is: Modifying and storing proteins

The Golgi apparatus primarily functions in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. It acts like a processing and shipping center, where proteins undergo further modifications, such as glycosylation, which involves the addition of sugar molecules. After this process, the Golgi apparatus directs the proteins to their appropriate destinations, either inside the cell or for secretion outside the cell. This essential role supports various cellular functions, including the production of hormones, enzymes, and antibodies, all crucial for maintaining life processes. Other functions mentioned, such as detoxifying substances or breaking down large molecules, are carried out by different organelles, such as the peroxisomes and lysosomes, respectively. The provision of an additional layer of protection usually refers to the cell membrane or cell wall in certain organisms, which is not a role associated with the Golgi apparatus.