Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

1. Having a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

2. Being made of carbohydrates

3. Containing DNA

4. All being multicellular organisms

The correct answer is: Having a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

The distinguishing feature that separates prokaryotes from eukaryotes is the presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a true nucleus; instead, their genetic material is found in a nucleoid region, which is not membrane-bound. Additionally, prokaryotic cells do not possess organelles such as mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum, which are characteristic of eukaryotic cells. In contrast, eukaryotes have a defined nucleus that houses their DNA and various membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions within the cell. This structural complexity allows for advanced cellular processes and organization that are not present in prokaryotes. The other options do not accurately differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. For instance, both types of cells can contain DNA, and not all prokaryotic organisms are single-celled; some eukaryotic organisms are unicellular as well. Furthermore, being made of carbohydrates is a characteristic that can apply to both types, as carbohydrates are fundamental biomolecules utilized by all living organisms.