Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

In which phase of the cell cycle is the cell primarily growing and carrying out its normal functions before DNA replication?

1. G1 phase

2. G2 phase

3. Metaphase

4. Telophase

The correct answer is: G1 phase

During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the cell experiences significant growth and performs its regular functions. This phase is crucial for cellular development, as it is marked by the synthesis of proteins and organelles needed for the cell to carry out its life processes. The cell also assesses its environment and prepares for the next stages of the cell cycle. G1 occurs before DNA replication, which takes place in the S phase. In this preparatory phase, the cell ensures that it has adequate resources and is in a suitable condition to replicate its DNA. This emphasis on growth and functional activity distinguishes the G1 phase from G2, where the cell prepares for mitosis after DNA has already been replicated. Metaphase and telophase are stages of mitosis specifically involved in the segregation of chromosomes and the division of the cell, rather than growth or normal cellular function.